Fair Principle 10: Commercial models and offerings shall be consistent and reasonable, not combining different models for the benefit of the vendor’s revenue

For instance: 

• A change from a machine-based towards a user-based model. With the machine-based licence budgeting was easy, you count the number of machines and multiply this by the cost per licence. But in the situation where several people use the same machine, when the licencing model changes to a per user model, not only do the license costs change dramatically, the company also has to track and log who is using the machines and when. It is clear that the use case needs to be completely re-analysed if such a change is imposed. Furthermore, for the user organisation this change of model brings a lot of extra costs, but no benefit whatsoever. 
  
  
• Perpetual licence model or subscription model, not both. In the past, business software was often licenced in perpetuity, for which of course came at a substantial cost. But when the vendor changes the commercial model to a subscription model, which happens very often and usually unilaterally, the expected cost of ownership changes substantially. And when this change happens during a commitment term, it makes cost calculation extremely difficult. The subscription model with the recurring subscription charges resembles the maintenance and support fee that came with the perpetual licence, but business users are not compensated for their earlier investment in the licence itself. Because of vendor lock in, the customer has limited alternatives if the product is only continued under a subscription model: either run the original software without maintenance and support, risk being left with no help if the software crashes or other software platforms connected with it are upgraded, or follow the vendor change to subscription model. 

Business users are asking for a clear cost of ownership, possibility for cost forecasting etc. That is precisely why this tenth principle is important; commercial models and offerings shall be consistent and reasonable, not combining different models for the benefit of the vendor’s revenue.